Hajj

Guide to Hajj
Scholar Verif ied
Table of Contents
1 What is Hajj?
2 When does Hajj take place?
How Long does Hajj last?
Where does Hajj take place?
3 Who is Eligible to Perform Hajj?
4 How to Perform Hajj
5 The 19 Steps of Hajj in Detail
14 The first 10 Days of Dhul Hijjah
15 Scholar Verification
Each year, millions of Muslims from all across the world perform Hajj, the sacred
pilgrimage and the fifth pillar of Islam.
Hajj takes place in Makkah, in modern day Saudi Arabia, during the holy month of
Dhul Hijjah, the 12th month in the Islamic calendar.
Hajj is a spiritual duty and a pillar of Islam, meaning that Hajj must be performed by
every Muslim at least once in their lifetime, so long as they are financially, physically,
and emotionally able to do so. Going more than once during your lifetime is permitted
whilst sincerely seeking Allah’s (SWT) pleasure.
Allah (SWT) says to the Muslims in the Qur’an:
“And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House – for whoever is
able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves – then indeed, Allah is free
from need of the worlds. ”
Qur’an | 3:97
For anyone preparing to perform Hajj, it’s an incredibly exciting time, but also a time
of great spiritual importance – the first time going can be a once in a lifetime
experience for a Muslim.
The Hajj is a test of patience and temperament – a spiritual, emotional, and physical
challenge. However, it offers Muslims the opportunity to refresh spiritually, to
cleanse themselves away from sins and to draw closer to Allah (SWT).
As Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Whoever performs Hajj for the sake of Allah and does not utter any obscene
speech or do any evil deed, will go back (free of sin) as his mother bore him.”
Hadith | Bukhari and Muslim
Hajj takes place each year between the 8th and 12th of Dhul Hijjah, in accordance
to the Hijri calendar. The Gregorian date will vary year to year.
This handy and comprehensive Hajj guide will help you understand the different
aspects of the holy pilgrimage, from its origin, to how to perform Hajj.
What is Hajj?
1
Hajj takes place between the 8th and the 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah each year,
depending on the sighting of the moon.
Dhul Hijjah is the twelfth month in the Islamic calendar and holds some of the most
sacred periods of the entire Islamic calendar.
The Gregorian dates for Hajj will vary each year, as the Islamic calendar operates on
the lunar cycle.
The Hajj pilgrimage is performed over five to six days, from the 8th to 12th or 13th
of Dhul Hijjah. When the new crescent moon is sighted, Eid al-Adha begins, which
lasts for four days. The pilgrimage is comprised of a series of rites and rituals, some
of which must be performed in order.
When does Hajj take place?
How long does Hajj last?
2
Hajj is performed in Makkah, modern day Saudi Arabia. The pilgrimage consists of
a series of rites and rituals across five to six days and is performed across several
locations within the vicinity of Makkah.
These locations include:
The city of Makkah
The tent settlement of Mina
Mount ‘Arafah
Muzdalifah
Where does the Hajj take place?
Hajj forms one of the five pillars of Islam. As such, all Muslims must perform Hajj at
least once in their lifetime.
However, there are still certain conditions that need to be met in order to perform Hajj:
1. Firstly, only Muslim adults (whether male or female) are required to perform Hajj.
This means that while children may go to Hajj, it is not required of them.
2. Secondly, the very weak, sick, elderly, or otherwise physically incapable Muslims are
exempt from having to perform the pilgrimage.
3. Thirdly, the Muslim must be financially able to perform Hajj. This means that a person
in debt is not obliged to perform Hajj until he has cleared his debt – and must have the
intention of doing so as a priority. However, if one is in debt, they may still perform
Hajj as long as:
The creditor permits it.
The debtor has time to pay off the debt.
Hajj does not affect their ability to pay off the debt.
Profession of Faith (Shahada).
The belief and declaration that
“There is no God but God, and
Muhammad is the Messenger of God”
Prayer (Salah) Alms (Zakat) Fasting (Sawm)
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
The Five Pillars of Islam:
Who is Eligible to Perform Hajj?
3
There are three forms of Hajj: Tamattu, Ifraad and Qiran. For the purpose of this Hajj guide, we
will use the Tamattu form of Hajj, which is what Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be
upon him) encouraged his companions to perform [Sahi Muslim].
Here is a handy step-by-step guide to performing Hajj to help you understand this incredibly
spiritual journey.E I D A L – A D H A
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Tawaf x73
Preparation & Intention1
Enter State of Ihram2
Safa and Marwa4
Clip/Shave Hair5 Umrah
Ends
Resting & Praying6
Enter State of Ihram7
Rami Stoning
of the Devil11
Arrive at Mina8
Day of ‘Arafah9
Muzdalifah10 Under the
night sky
Hady12
Shave Head13
Rami Stoning
of the Devil16
Saai’15
Rami Stoning
of the Devil18
Tawaf al-Ifadha14
Farewell Tawaf al-Wida19
Spend Night at Mina17
How to Perform Hajj
The 19 Steps of Hajj at a Glance
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Before you arrive at Makkah to begin Hajj, it’s important to make your
intention (niyyah) within your heart. The intention must be to perform
the Hajj for the sake of Allah alone, with a desire for good in the
hereafter. It should not be done with the intention of being seen
by others or for worldly gain.
1
Next, you’ll enter into the state of Ihram (ritual purity). For men, this
means wearing the designated white cloth with one piece wrapped
around your shoulder and one around your waist. Ladies may wear any
clothing of their choice but should ensure they observe the rules of Hijab.
Face coverings, however, are not permitted. Fully-covering shoes are also
not permitted. Footwear must be in the form of sandals for both women
and men.
Ihram describes the spiritual state you enter once you have made the
intention to go to Hajj. When over 2.5 million pilgrims descend into
Makkah, there should not be any outward distinction between them.
Everyone stands equal before Allah (SWT) – one’s status, race, culture, and
wealth are irrelevant. The rules around the clothing of Ihram are
extremely simple, yet strict and must be adhered to.
Throughout these holy days and whilst in the state of Ihram , we should
also be particularly mindful of our behaviour and words. We should avoid
smoking, engaging in sexual relations, swearing, shaving our hair, and
cutting our nails. We must also not use perfume or scented soaps.
Once you arrive at the holy Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, with these
preparations in mind, you’re ready to start the biggest spiritual journey of
your life!
Tip: Carry spare Ihram clothing if you can. As for sandals, we recommend
investing in a decent pair of trekking sandals. They tend to be the most
comfortable and practical, given that you will be walking long distances on
tarmac as well as gravel. Try and wear in your sandals before you depart
for Saudi so that you don’t break out in blisters or face discomfort once
you’re there.
Upon arrival in Makkah, you must first perform your Umrah,which
means you will do your Tawaf and Saa’i as outlined in the next steps.
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The 19 Steps of Hajj in Detail
Preparation and Intention
Entering the State of Ihram
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Tawaf is one of the principal rites of the pilgrimage and refers to walking
in circles around the Kaa’bah in an anti-clockwise motion. One Tawaf is
made up of seven complete circuits, with each one starting and ending at
the black stone, which is situated within the Kaa’bah.
In addition to your Tawaf, you can also offer voluntary prayers to thank
Allah (SWT) for arriving safely and to mark the start of this incredibly
special spiritual journey.
3
After you’ve performed your Tawaf, you’ll then perform what’s known as
Sa’i (walking and running between the two hills of Safa and Marwa).
You’ll begin the Sa’i on the hill of Safa and walk towards the hill of Marwa.
You will eventually see the green marker, at which point you will run until
the next green marker and continue walking until you reach Marwa. This
completes one lap. You will then return to Safa to complete your second
lap. Your Sa’i is complete once you have performed a total of seven laps
between the hills of Safa and Marwa.
This is an important ritual in memory of Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) wife
Hajar, and her struggle in the desert in search of water for her son
Prophet Isma’il (AS). Saa’i symbolises the ongoing struggle that we
encounter throughout our lives, as Hajar experienced herself.
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Once Saa’i is complete, men will have their hair clipped or shaved, whilst a
woman clips her hair to the length of her fingertip. This marks the
completion of your umrah, allowing you to leave Ihram, until the 8th of
Dhul Hijjah.
Tip: Be very patient here. You’ll be tired from Tawaf, and you might notice
fellow pilgrims in a hurry to complete the Saa’i. Feel free to take your
time. Take regular breaks, and drink Zamzam water which is available
between Safa and Marwa.
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Now that you’ve performed your Umrah, for the rest of this blessed
month, you’ll stay in Makkah to complete your spiritual journey of Hajj,
surrounded by your fellow Muslim sisters and brothers, SubhanAllah!
Make sure to get plenty of rest and make the best use of your time by
performing sincere acts of worship. Your Hajj will begin on the 8th Dhul
Hijjah.
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Tawaf x7
Safa and Marwa
Clip/Shave Hair (Umrah Ends)
Resting and Praying
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Fulfilling your sacred obligation of Hajj will be the most spiritual period of
your life Insha’Allah (God willing), filled with blessings and forgiveness
from Allah (SWT)! The 8th day of Dhul Hijjah marks the beginning of the
days of Hajj and the next stage of your spiritual journey. You’ll purify
yourself and enter the state of Ihram once again.
Rules of Ihram
It’s very important to note that when you are in a state of Ihram, you are
not permitted to smoke, swear, shave, clip your nails, or engage in any
form of sexual relations. Fighting and arguments are also forbidden, and
participants are prohibited from hunting, killing, or unjustifiably
breaking anything. You must also avoid scented products such as
perfumes, moisturisers, makeup, or soaps. You may, however, substitute
them for unscented toiletries which are permissible to use.
You will then proceed with your Hajj group to the neighbourhood of Mina
in Makkah, which is located roughly eight kilometres from the centre of
Makkah.
Tip: We would highly recommend carrying some essentials such as
unscented sun cream, moisturiser, Vaseline and soap. Sun cream is
particularly handy, especially if you have no hair as it is not permissible for
men to cover their head or face whilst in ihram. Vaseline is also
particularly valuable for both women and men to protect against painful
rashes that may occur as a result of constant walking. All of these are
readily available in Saudi Arabia.
7 (Day 1/8th Dhul Hijjah)
Once you’re all set to enter the Ihram, you’ll begin reciting the
following invocation called the Talbiyah:َ
َ َ ََِْ َ َُْْ َ َ َ ََِّْ َ َْ ْ  َّ ِ ،ََّْ َ َ َ َ َِْ َ  َ َّْ َ ،ََّْ َ ََُّّ َ َّْ َ
Transliteration:
Labbayka Allahumma labbayk. Labbayk la shareeka laka labbayk.
Inna al-hamda, wa n-‘imata, Laka wal mulk. La shareeka lak.
Translation:
“Here I am, O Allah, here I am, here I am. You have no partner,
here I am. Verily all praise and blessings are Yours, and all
sovereignty. You have no partner.”
Re-entering State of Ihram
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Once you arrive in the tent city (neighbourhood) of Mina, you’ll settle into
your allocated tent. Here you’ll pray Salah (obligatory prayers), including
Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, ‘Isha and Fajr, shortening your four-unit prayers to
two units each, without combining them, as stated in the Qu’ran.
You’ll spend the night and pray to Allah (SWT), reading the Qur’an and
preparing for day two. It’s an important time for spiritual reflection and
devotion, so try and make the most of this special night.
Tip: Be patient here, as space inside the tents can be very tight, and you
might find yourself very close to fellow pilgrims. The weather is likely to be
very hot, so remember to keep yourself hydrated. The Saudi authorities have
installed cold water stations in close proximity to all tents, so familiarise
yourself with your surroundings. You may also notice that Hajj authority
workers regularly stock up complementary cold drinks in cooler boxes next
to your tent. They’re there for you to consume, so enjoy them to quench
your thirst, but don’t forget the spiritual purpose of being there.
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After sunrise in Mina, you’ll then head to the plains of ‘Arafah, reciting
Istaghfar (asking for forgiveness) and making supplications – marking the
Day of ‘Arafah when we ask Allah (SWT) for forgiveness for our sins.
Upon reaching the plains of Mount ‘Arafah, pilgrims observe shortened
Dhuhr and Asr prayers combined (two rakat instead of four). However,
according to Abu Hanifa, the combining of Dhur and Asr is only valid if one
prays behind the Imam in the Masjid. Therefore if one was to pray in the tent,
then they should not combine both salah.
On this day, there will be a sermon delivered from Masjid al-Nimra on Mount
‘Arafah. Try to listen to the Khutbah (sermon) if possible. Your group may also
facilitate a translation of this sermon in English.
The day of ‘Arafah is one of the most important days for Muslims across the
world, as Allah (SWT) refers to the Day of ‘Arafah in Surah al-Maidah as the
Day on which He perfected His religion, completed His favours upon His
beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and
approved Islam as a way of life!
9 (Day 2 / 9th Dhul Hijjah)
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said:
“There is no day on which Allah frees people from the Fire more so than on
the day of ‘Arafah. He comes close to those (people standing on ‘Arafah),
and then He reveals before His Angels saying, ‘What are these people
seeking.”
Hadith | Muslim
Arrive at Mina
Day of ‘Arafah
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So, be sure to stand on the plains of ‘Arafah and make lots of Du’a (supplication),
focussing your energy on Allah (SWT), asking Him for forgiveness and blessings
for you and your family. Don’t forget to include your friends, relatives,
neighbours as well as the wider Ummah (community) in your Du’a on this special
day.
Tip: Don’t be tempted to exhaust your energy and trek up Mount ‘Arafah, also
known as Jabal al-Rahmah, on this day. Jabal al-Rahmah is the hill from where
the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) delivered his
sermon. There is no authentic source to suggest any benefit in trekking the hill
itself or to undertake this climb as a religious ritual. The level area surrounding
the hill is called the Plains of ‘Arafah and this is where you should be spending
your time in contemplation and prayer.
After sunset, you’ll depart ‘Arafah and head to Muzdalifah – an open plain
between Mina and ‘Arafah. Once you reach Muzdalifah you’ll perform your
Maghrib and ‘Isha Salah, one after the other, shortening the ‘Isha Salah to two
Rakat.
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As Abdullah ibn Umar (RA) narrates:
“The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the Maghrib and ‘Isha
prayers together at Muzdalifah with a separate Iqamah (second call to prayer)
for each of them and did not offer any optional prayer in between them or
after each of them.”
Hadith | Bukhari
Afterwards, you can then spend the night in worship or resting. The Prophet
(peace and blessings be upon him) went to sleep until shortly before Fajr
[Muslim], choosing not to engage in night worship as he normally did. So, don’t
be tempted to exhaust yourself but rest instead – you have a long day ahead of
you!
While in Muzdalifah, you may also collect pebbles to perform Rami (the stoning
of the devil) over the next three days.
The size of the pebbles should be similar to the size of date stones/seeds.
You will need a total of 49 pebbles.
However, it is advised that you pick up a further 21 pebbles as a precautionary
measure to bring your total up to 70. When you proceed to the phases of
throwing the pebbles at the Jamarat (the stone pillars), you may miss the target,
or some pebbles may fall from your hand. Therefore, it’s better to have more
than to be short. Pebbles can also be collected from anywhere in Mina.
Tip: At Muzdalifah, you will stay under the night sky. There are no tents or other
accommodation facilities here. Although there are plenty of lights, it is still fairly
dark. Try to stay near your group, as it is very easy to get lost among the
thousands of pilgrims. Toilets and wudhu facilities are available in Muzdalifah,
but they will likely be crowded so patience must be exercised here. We would
highly recommend you use the toilets and freshen up before you leave ‘Arafah.
Arrive in Muzdalifah
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The 10th of Dhul Hijjah is also called the Yawm al-Nahr, or the Day of Sacrifice
(Qurbani).
After performing Fajr Salah you will depart Muzdalifah and go back towards
Mina. Remember to continuously recite the Talbiyah.
On this day, Pilgrims perform the Hady (sacrificial animal) and also commence
the first of three days ‘stoning of the devil’ rite or Rami. Muslims around the
world also offer Qurbani during this time and begin the four-day festival of Eid
al-Adha. We know this from this verse in the Qur’an:
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(Day 3 /10th Dhul Hijjah & Start of Eid al-Adha)
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The stoning of the Jamarat – otherwise referred to as the ‘stoning of the devil’ –
is a ritual carried out by Hajj pilgrims whereby pebbles are thrown at three stone
structures in Mina across three days.
The first day of stoning occurs on the 10th of Dhul Hijjah. On this day Muslims
also offer Qurbani and celebrate Eid al-Adha.
The act of throwing stones at the Jamarat is known as Rami. The ritual of Rami
is symbolic of the actions of Ibrahim (AS) when he was faced with the trial of
having to sacrifice his son, Isma’il (AS) upon the commandment of Allah (SWT).
On the way to carry out the commandment, Iblis (Satan) repeatedly tried to
tempt Ibrahim’s (AS) into disobeying Allah (SWT). As Ibrahim (AS) reached
Jamarat al-Aqaba, Allah (SWT) ordered Angel Jibreel (AS) to instruct Ibrahim
(AS) to throw seven stones at Iblis. He obliged, and Iblis fled immediately. The
three Jamarat indicate the three places where Iblis tried to dissuade Ibrahim
(AS) from obeying the command of Allah. However, the pillars do not contain
Iblis, as many people are wrongly led to believe.
How to Perform Rami (The Stoning of the Devil)
On the 10th, 11th, and 12th day of Dhul Hijjah, you will perform Rami (the
stoning of the devil). The size of the pebbles should be similar to the size of date
stones or seeds. You will need a total of 49 pebbles.
You’ll need a certain number of pebbles for each of the three days. The
breakdown is as follows:
• 7 pebbles for the 10th of Dhul Hijjah
• 21 pebbles for the 11th of Dhul Hijjah
• 21 pebbles for the 12th of Dhul Hijjah
Try to carry four small pouches per person for your pebbles. UK coin bags are a
good size and convenient to carry. Use the four pouches to group pebbles
according to the breakdown above.
“And when you are safe, then, whoever avails the advantage of the ‘Umrah along
with the Hajj shall make an offering of whatever animal is available. However, any
one who finds none shall fast for three days during Hajj, and for seven days when
you return; thus they are ten in all. This is for him whose family folk are not
residents of Al-Masjid-ul-Haram.”
Qur’an | 2:196
Origin Of Rami (The Stoning of the Devil)
Rami and Hady
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Upon each throw, you’ll say the takbir:
”َُ ْ َ ُ “
Transliteration:
“Allahu ‘Akbar”
Translation:
“Allah is The Greatest”
Hadith | Muslim
Once you reach the Jamarat, you will head to Jamarat al-Aqaba, which is the
largest pillar, and here you will throw the first seven pebbles at the concrete
pillar. You will only pelt this one pillar on the first day.
Try not to get angry and throw your sandals or other valuable possessions at
the pillars. Iblis is not contained within the pillar, so you’ll only lose your
valuables and there is no benefit in doing so!
Qurbani and Eid al-Adha
The festival of Eid al-Adha, or the Feast of Sacrifice, takes place on the 10th
of Dhul Hijjah. It is also celebrated by Muslims around the world who are not
on the Hajj pilgrimage. By offering Qurbani (sacrifice), Muslims mark
Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) willingness to sacrifice his son Isma’il (AS) upon the
commandment of Allah (SWT).
Tip: Don’t rush to perform the Rami. The Hajj authority will most likely
allocate a set time for your group to go and perform Rami. They do this to
minimise overcrowding and the risk to pilgrims.
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After offering the Hady, you will proceed to shave or trim your hair if you
are male. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
shaved his hair and this is preferable. A woman trims her hair by the length
of a fingertip.
Now you are allowed to leave the state of Ihram and wear comfortable
clothing. You are also allowed to resume otherwise Halal activities that
were forbidden in the Ihram, except for sexual intimacy. It is Sunnah
(practice of the Prophet PBUH) to apply perfume as the Prophet
Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) smelt strongly of musk at
this point.
Tip: Use disposable blades to shave each other’s head within your group.
If that’s not possible, you’ll notice a number of barbers in Mina ready to
shave your head for a price. Ensure that the barbers use new blades to
avoid infection.
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(Days 4 / 11th Dhul Hijjah)
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You will now go to Makkah to perform Tawaf al-Ifadha and then another
circuit of Saai’ as part of your Hajj rituals.
Tawaf al-Ifada and Saa’i are obligatory. You must perform the Tawaf
al-Ifadha and the Saai’ after the Rami, the Qurbani (sacrifice) and shaving
(or trimming) of the head.
With the completion of the Tawaf and Saa’i, you are then allowed to relax
and do everything that was lawful before entering the Ihram, including
engaging in marital relations.
You will, however, return to your tents in Mina and continue with the
remaining rituals of Hajj.
Tip: The Tawaf area will be extremely crowded during this time. Try to use
the upper levels of the Haram or the roof. You might want to do this
around midnight when it tends to be quieter.
15 (Day 5 / 12th Dhul Hijjah)
Shaving the Head
Tawaf al-Ifadha and Saai’
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On the 11th Dhul Hijjah, you will proceed to your second day of Rami (the
stoning of the devil).
On this occasion you pelt each of the three pillars in order. You will begin with
Jamarah al-Ula (the small pillar), then Jamarah al-Wusta (the second/middle
pillar) and finally, Jamarah al-Aqaba (the third/large pillar). You stop after the
first and second Jamarat to make Du’a facing the qibla. Each one should be
stoned with seven consecutive pebbles accompanied by the Takbir. Remember
to take your spare pebbles with you in case you lose some!
Once your second Rami is completed, you will return to your camp in Mina and
spend the rest of the day and night in worship, making the most of the
remaining time you have.
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On the afternoon of 12th Dhul Hijjah, you’ll have your final batch of pebbles
(21 pebbles) ready to repeat the same steps as the previous day.
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You’ve now only one step left to perform before completing Hajj and departing
from Makkah. The farewell Tawaf is the last rite Muslims must perform.
This Tawaf is Wajib (obligatory) according to Hanafis, Shafi’is and Hanbalis but
Sunnah according to Malikis and must be performed prior to leaving the
boundaries of the Haram. Omitting this Tawaf, without a valid reason, is not
deemed lawful in Islam.
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(The Farewell Tawaf)
Ibn Abbas (RA) narrated:
“The people were ordered to perform the Tawaf al-Wida as the last thing
before leaving (Makkah), except the menstruating women who were excused.
“
Hadith | Bukhari
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For this Tawaf, you will complete seven laps of Tawaf. Then perform two Rakat of
Salah and drink Zamzam water. There is no Saa’i or shaving/trimming of the
head after this Tawaf.
The Second Day of Rami
Spend the Night in Mina
The Third Day of Rami
Tawaf al-Wida
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You have now completed your Hajj!
Hajj Mabrook!
These blessed days of Dhul Hijjah are a great opportunity to earn the mercy and
forgiveness of Allah (SWT) after Ramadan, by performing good deeds. These can
include anything such as giving charity, honouring one’s parents, upholding the ties
of kinship, and enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil.
It is also important to enhance our obligatory acts of worship by being mindful of
our prayers and ensuring we pay our Zakat on time. For those of us who have not
yet completed the pilgrimage of Hajj, this is also an ideal time to make Du’a that
Allah (SWT) grants us the opportunity to do so when He deems best.
“There are no days that are greater before Allah or in which good deeds are
more beloved to Him, than these ten days, so recite a great deal of Tahleel
(saying of la illaaha illa Allah), Takbeer (saying of Allahu Akbar) and
Tahmeed (Alhamdullilah) during them.”
Hadith | Ahmad
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Find out more about how you can reap
the rewards of this blessed month and
donate your Zakat and Sadaqah here:
islamic-relief.org.uk/dhul-hijjah
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For those of us who are unable to travel and perform Hajj, don’t despair! The first
ten days of Dhul Hijjah are considered the best ten days in the Islamic calendar, as
they are most beloved to Allah (SWT).
The first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah
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Scholar
Verification
At Islamic Relief, we work with a range of scholars to ensure our work, and the
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This document has been verified by: Mufti Billal Omarjee.
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